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Jewish languages are the various languages and dialects that developed in Jewish communities around the world. They feature a syncretism of indigenous Hebrew and Judeo-Aramaic with the languages of the local non-Jewish population. ==Ancient history== Early Northwest Semitic (ENWS) materials are attested to and from 2350 BCE to 1200 BCE, the end of the Bronze Age. At this early state, Biblical Hebrew was not highly differentiated from the other Northwest Semitic languages (Ugaritic and Amarna Canaanite), though noticeable differentiation did occur during the Iron Age (1200–540 BCE). Hebrew as a separate language developed during the latter half of the second millennium BCE between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea, an area known as Canaan. The earliest distinctively Hebrew writing yet discovered was found at Khirbet Qeiyafa and dates to the 10th century BCE. The Israelite tribes established a kingdom in Canaan at the beginning of the first millennium BCE, which later split into the kingdom of Israel in the north and the kingdom of Judah in the south after a dispute of succession. The kingdom of Israel was destroyed by the Assyrians in 722 BCE, and the kingdom of Judah was conquered by the Babylonians in 586 BCE, its higher classes exiled and the first Temple destroyed.〔〔 Later the Persians made Judah a province and permitted Jewish exiles to return and rebuild the Temple.〔 In this period of turmoil, the Hebrews began their first recorded language shift towards the Aramaic language. Aramaic became the common language in the north, in Galilee and Samaria, though Hebrew remained in use in Judah with Aramaic influence. Alexander conquered Judah in 332 BCE, beginning the period of Hellenistic domination.〔 During the Hellenistic period Judea became independent under the Hasmoneans, but later the Romans ended their independence, making Herod the Great their governor.〔 One Jewish revolt against the Romans led to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, and the second Bar-Kochba revolt in 132–135 CE led to a large departure of the Jewish population of Judea.〔 Biblical Hebrew after the Second Temple period evolved into Mishnaic Hebrew, which ceased being spoken and developed into a literary language around 200 CE. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jewish languages」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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